Development of a Mathematics Multiplication Pocket as an Instructional Teaching Aid for Multiplication Concepts in Elementary School

Pengembangan Kantong Perkalian Matematika sebagai Alat peraga pada Materi Perkalian di Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

Persistent difficulties in learning multiplication at the elementary level indicate a gap between recommended use of concrete manipulatives and prevailing textbook-centered practices. This research and development (R&D) study developed Kalimatika, a low-cost concrete manipulative, and examined its feasibility and learning effectiveness for third-grade multiplication. Using the ADDIE model, six experts (three media, three content) validated the product with feasibility ratings of 94.7% and 98.6% (highly feasible). A one-group pretest–posttest implementation with 26 students yielded a mean increase from 77.15 to 92.50 and an N-Gain of 0.59 (medium). Teacher and student questionnaires indicated very good acceptance. The findings extend evidence that locally fabricated manipulatives can strengthen conceptual understanding of whole-number multiplication in elementary mathematics. Limitations include the small sample and single-group design; future work should employ controlled trials and durability improvements.